Advanced Methods in the Treatment and Management of Psychosis

Corresponding Author:

Joen Minessi,
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
E-mail: [email protected]

Received date: 27-November-2024, Manuscript No. NPY-24-156634; Editor assigned: 29- November-2024, PreQC No. NPY-24-156634 (PQ); Reviewed Date: 13-December-2024, QC No. NPY-24-156634; Revised date: 20-December-2024, Manuscript No. NPY-24-156634 (R); Published date: 27- December-2024, DOI: 10.37532/1758-2008.2024.14(5).750

Description

Psychosis, a condition characterized by a separation from reality, can take many various forms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and impaired insight. It is often associated with severe mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features. The treatment and management of psychosis have traditionally focused on antipsychotic medications and therapeutic interventions, but recent advances have expanded the range of approaches available.

Antipsychotic medications have been the essential component of psychosis treatment for decades. However, the field of psychopharmacology is evolving with the introduction of newer, more targeted drugs and approaches. Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) also known as atypical antipsychotics, have gained prominence due to their improved effectiveness side effect profiles compared to first-generation antipsychotics. Drugs like clozapine, risperidone and aripiprazole are used widely in treating psychosis.

Clozapine, in particular, is reserved for treatment-resistant cases of psychosis, especially in schizophrenia. Unlike older medications, SGAs are less likely to cause extra-pyramidal side effects, such as tremors or rigidity, which are common with first generation drugs. This makes them more tolerable for long-term use, providing a better quality of life for patients. One issue in managing psychosis is ensuring medication adherence.

For patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, non-adherence to medication is a common issue, leading to relapse. Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, such as paliperidone palmitate and risperidone microspheres, are designed to be administered once a month or even less frequently. These injections provide sustained drug release, reducing the need for daily medication and improving patient adherence.

LAIs are particularly beneficial for patients who trouble to remember to take their oral prescriptions. While pharmacological treatments remain central to managing psychosis, non-pharmacological methods have gained increasing recognition for their role in improving outcomes, especially when combined with medication.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is a therapeutic approach that helps patients manage symptoms by treating the cognitive distortions and dysfunctional behaviors that contribute to their psychosis. CBTp focuses on helping patients challenge delusions, recognize hallucinations and develop survival mechanisms. The therapy is particularly effective in managing symptoms like paranoia or auditory hallucinations, helping patients regain some degree of control over their thoughts and behaviors. CBTp has also been shown to reduce the likelihood of relapse and improve social functioning, making it a vital part of a complete treatment plan. Cognitive deficits, such as poor memory, attention and executive function are common in individuals with psychosis, particularly those with schizophrenia. Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is systematic approach designed to improve these cognitive functions. CRT uses computer-based exercises, problemsolving tasks and real-world situations to target specific cognitive skills. Over time, CRT has been shown to improve cognitive functioning and improve daily living skills, which can have a significant impact on the quality of life for patients. By improving cognitive abilities, CRT may also reduce the severity of psychiatric symptoms, developing the overall treatment process.

Conclusion

The treatment and management of psychosis have changed significantly in the last few years as a result of pharmacological and therapeutic advancements and non-pharmacological methods of treatment. From new medications like long-acting injectable antipsychotics and targeted treatments to therapies such as CBTp and cognitive remediation, these advanced methods are providing more effective and specific therapies for individuals with psychosis. While challenges remain in treating this complex and diverse condition, these advancements provide belief for better outcomes, improved quality of life and reduced disability for those affected by psychosis. As studies continues to progress, further innovations in treatment methods may provide even more effective and modified possibilities for managing psychosis in the future.